Convolutional neural network model in machine learning methods and computer vision for image recognition: a review

Recently, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are used in variety of areas including image and pattern recognition, speech recognition, biometric embedded vision, food recognition and video analysis for surveillance, industrial robots and autonomous cars. There are a number of reasons that convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are becoming important. Feature extractors are hand designed during traditional models for image recognition. In CNNs, the weights of the convolutional layer being used for feature extraction in addition to the fully connected layer are applied for classification that are determined during the training process. The objective of this paper is to review a few learning machine methods of convolutional neural network (CNNs) in image recognition. Furthermore, current approaches to image recognition make essential use of machine learning methods. Based on twenty five journal that have been review, this paper focusing on the development trend of convolution neural network (CNNs) model due to various learning method in image recognition since 2000s, which is mainly introduced from the aspects of capturing, verification and clustering. Consequently, deep convolutional neural network (DCNNs) have shown much successful in various machine learning and computer vision problem because it significant quality gain at a modest increase of computational requirement. This training method also allows models that are composed of multiple processing layers to learn representation of data with multiple levels of abstraction

Motion Control Algorithm for Path Following and Trajectory Tracking for Unmanned Surface Vehicle: A Review Paper

A capability of tracking and follows the target object on the water surface is an essential measurement in the control system for a Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV). Path following algorithm usually used to describe the target, compute in the controller and minimize as well as to zero the distance between USV; and the angle between the vessel speed and the tangent to the path. USV needs to follow a time-parameterized reference curve are defined as a trajectory tracking. This paper gives an attention in reviewing a few common path following as well as path tracking techniques used in the design of USV where there is no predefined position will be declared in the control system. In particular, this paper is focused on a motion control approaches developed using USV by reviewing forty journals for last ten years. Based on the reviews, a line-of-sight (LOS) technique is a frequently implemented in the USV control system than another method such as constant-bearing guidance, Kalman filtering, PID guidance, Lyapunov-based guidance, pure-pursuit (PP) guidance, motion goal prediction back stepping method and Jacobian task priority. As the conclusion, various types of mathematical computation are introduced in the USV control system is customizes with the requirement based on the situation needed will make this autonomous vehicle more advanced

Implementation of Single Minutes of Exchange Die (SMED) in Malaysia Metal Stamping Industry: A Case Study

Downtime loss due to long set-up time will lead to shorter actual production time. This situation will result in a loss to the company because they could not produce their products as planned. Therefore, set-up time needs to be reduced to maximize the resources invested by the company. The most popular approach to is an approach to improve setup time is Single Minutes of Exchange Die (SMED), developed by Shigeo Shingo in early 1960s. Setup operations were divided by into fundamental types; Internal setup and External setup. By Converting Internal setup to External setup, the company can reduced the setup time and thus, lead to longer actual production time. This paper presents an afford of a Malaysia’s metal stamping company in implementing SMED in their company. The company is a supplier of passenger car’s components to Malaysia’s major car makers. The implementation was carried out by separating Internal and External Setup, converting Internal to External Setup and finally streamlining all aspects of the setup operation. After implemented SMED approach, the company managed to reduce their set-up time from 32 minutes to 12 minutes. However, the company still working hard to achieve the objective of SMED, which is to complete all changeovers are in a single number of minutes or less than 10 minutes

RULA: Postural Loading Assessment Tools for Malaysia Mining Industry

The ergonomics and environment factors have been the core issue for the mining industry for many years, and its profiles are rising. To ensure an ergonomics work environment, it is possible to require specific attention especially in this industries sector. It is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore the essential issue in Malaysia due to lack of ergonomics knowledge and low awareness among the engineers in the mining sector. The focus of this study is to evaluate and validate the physical risk factor associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WMSDs) by using Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) among mining industry workers. All the physical risk factors involved the main body regions such as upper arm, lower arm, wrist, trunk, neck and leg that has been identified associated with WMSDs. There were 18 subjects selected to involve in this study. Those subjects were chosen according to their job task. To increase the reliability of the result, each subject was evaluated thrice in the trials. From the analysis, the average of final score of the RULA is 7 indicates high risk and calls for engineering/or work method changes to reduce or eliminate muscular disorder risk. The results of the analysis were used to improve the process of work, design of workstation and also improving the work posture to enhance the comfort level of operators. This study is crucial among the mining industry that is a lack of the information and research about the ergonomics issues in the industry. The overall finding indicated that the whole process of selected work task will contribute to musculoskeletal disorder either for a short or long time exposure

Development of A Dynamic Network DEA Model To Measure Production Line's Performance: A Conceptual Paper

Production line in manufacturing industry usually is made up of several processes and must go through performance measurement to determine whether they are efficient or inefficient. The extended Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) which is the Network Data Envelopment Analysis (NDEA) is developed to look inside the production line and find the source of inefficiency of each sub process. However, the model can only measure the efficiency of the production line for current time periods only without considering the past time periods and detect any changes of performances that might occur during the time periods. In this paper, we proposed a Dynamic Network DEA model that can be used to measure the performance of the same production line by taking into account any changes according to time. We treat these changes as a Decision Making Units (DMUs) which is the entity that are going to be measured. This dynamic network model only considered the data inputs from different time periods. Our goals of developing the DNDEA model on the production line are to identify the inputs and outputs required and to consider the relationship and connection between each of the processes in the production line and thus measure the performance of the entire production line. The expected outcome of this paper is to propose a conceptual model that can be used for performance measurement in manufacturing production line dynamically

A case study: SMED contributor using Shapley value

Single Minute Exchange Die (SMED) is one of lean tools to reduce setup time. Throughout the application of SMED, the effectiveness of this tool is unknown because there is no method to calculate its performance measurement. As long as time reduction takes place, the implementation of SMED achieves its target and goal. However, throughout the implementation of SMED most companies pay more attention on reducing time in their activity, but do not take into consideration the performance during the time reduction process. Therefore, the Shapley value method is applied to identify the performance of SMED during the time reduction process occur. In this method, a game theory concept is used to calculate the testing factors that need to be measured: time, machines, activities etc. where testing factors can represent as player and contributor. From the calculation, a fair coalition among testing factors can be identified and elimination of the unnecessary activities during the time reduction process is measured

Knowledge Management for Maintenance Activities in the Manufacturing Sector

Maintenance is an indispensable part of the business process and plays an important role in an organisation’s success and survival. The main purpose of maintenance is to ensure equipment functions at its original optimal level. Thus, the knowledge and skills of operators are crucial and in demand. This paper presents a knowledge management of maintenance activities transfer method. Knowledge management is a process that a company cannot avoid, because it is a step in providing the necessary information for business performance measurements. Based on the example of a knowledge management system for a consultant company, we propose a knowledge repository or warehouse for maintenance activities that consists of four elements: best practice, databases, discussion forums and assessment tools. Each element has its own role and contribution towards better maintenance activities. Therefore, knowledge management has a deep relationship with performance evaluation or measurement

Maintenance Performance of Malaysia's Automotive Sector: A Case Study

Today, maintenance is considered as an indispensable part of the business process. Efficiency and effectiveness of the maintenance function will affect the performance of the production system and the capability of the machine to produce quality products. One of the excellent tools for the benchmarking process is Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). DEA has been widely applied to perform efficiency analysis in many sectors. In this research, we apply DEA to measure maintenance performance for one of the major automotive manufacturer in Malaysia. The assessment was performed in two trials to demonstrate the importance of identifying the inputs and outputs and to determine the effect of certain input. The assessment was conducted based on general model for maintenance with the appropriate inputs (cause) are man, machine, money, training, and time, or �3M2T� and the outputs (affect) are production, quality, cost, delivery, safety, morale, and time, or �PQCDSMT�

Perception Study On Ergonomics Practices In Malaysian Quarry And Mining Industry

Ergonomics can be viewed as an approach to reduce injury and illness rates to improve the overall working conditions for employees by addressing risk factor exposure that may occur during manual tasks. The objective of this research was to analyze ergonomics risk factors by associating the perception of employer and employees towards their workplace condition in quarry and mining industry. A Questionnaire on Ergonomics Risk Assessment was used to determine the comparison level awareness and perception analysis among quarry and mining industry in Malaysia. The findings of this research prove that the exposure of ergonomics risk factors towards the workers is in a moderate level with a mean of 3.59 for the overall respondent review about the ergonomics risk among workers at their workplace. Besides, the most concern in ergonomics is about the awkward posture at work. Some 8.8% of them agreed and 6.6% of them totally agreed that they were in awkward posture while doing their work. As a conclusion, assessment of ergonomics in quarry and mining industry will be a platform to provide a safe and healthy working environment

Development of Dynamic Programming Algorithm for Maintenance Scheduling Problem: A Conceptual Paper

Maintenance is one of the important methods that can be used to ensure the machines and equipment can operate within the best condition. A good scheduling for maintenance will maintain the proper performance since all resources will be utilised effectively as the underused of the resource can be reduced. The schedule created ensures the particular task was done within the time provided. What, when, where and how the certain operation will be done will be stated to make sure the planned activity going smoothly without any delays. However, the uncertainty that happened during the maintenance needs to be taken into account to create the fully optimised schedule. This change will affect the schedule developed and caused delays to the scheduled task. Once the beginning task is delayed, the following work will also be postponed. Thus, a mathematical model for maintenance scheduling for repairable and inspection of the machines and equipment was proposed to deal with the uncertainty that happened. This dynamic model will create the new schedule for the maintenance scheduling and help the manager in the decision-making process on where to assign the maintenance team when the uncertainty happened